最近使用版本控制比较多,在此使用Chatgpt整理了一份Git常用命令中英文对照表,方便需要时查找。
01:设置与初始化(Setup & Init)
:02Git 命令 | 英文说明 | 中文说明 |
---|---|---|
git config --global user.name "[firstname lastname]" | Set a name that is identifiable for credit when reviewing version history. | 设置用户名,用于提交记录署名。 |
git config --global user.email "[valid-email]" | Set an email address that will be associated with each history marker. | 设置邮箱,用于提交记录的邮箱信息。 |
git config --global color.ui auto | Set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing. | 启用命令行自动颜色显示,方便查看。 |
git init | Initialize an existing directory as a Git repository. | 在当前目录初始化 Git 仓库。 |
git clone [url] | Retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL. | 从远程仓库克隆到本地。 |
02:暂存与快照(Stage & Snapshot)
Git 命令 | 英文说明 | 中文说明 |
---|---|---|
git status | Show modified files in working directory, staged for your next commit. | 显示已修改文件及暂存状态。 |
git add [file] | Add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage). | 将文件添加到暂存区。 |
git add . | Adds / stages all of the files in the current directory. | 将当前目录和所有子目录中所有已修改的和新的(未跟踪的)文件添加到暂存区(又称索引),从而准备将它们包含在下一个 git commit 中 |
git reset [file] | Unstage a file while retaining the changes in working directory. | 将文件从暂存区移除但保留修改。 |
git diff | Diff of what is changed but not staged. | 显示已修改但未暂存的差异。 |
git diff --staged | Diff of what is staged but not yet committed. | 显示已暂存但未提交的差异。 |
git commit -m "[message]" | Commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot. | 提交暂存区内容生成快照。 |
03:分支与合并(Branch & Merge)
Git 命令 | 英文说明 | 中文说明 |
---|---|---|
git branch | List your branches. A * will appear next to the currently active branch. | 列出分支,当前分支前有 * 标记。 |
git branch [branch-name] | Create a new branch at the current commit. | 创建新分支。 |
git checkout [branch] | Switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory. | 切换到指定分支。 |
git merge [branch] | Merge the specified branch’s history into the current one. | 将指定分支合并到当前分支。 |
git log | Show all commits in the current branch’s history. | 显示当前分支的提交历史。 |
04:共享与更新(Share & Update)
Git 命令 | 英文说明 | 中文说明 |
---|---|---|
git remote add [alias] [url] | Add a git URL as an alias. | 添加远程仓库地址别名。 |
git fetch [alias] | Fetch down all the branches from that Git remote. | 获取远程仓库所有分支。 |
git merge [alias]/[branch] | Merge a remote branch into your current branch. | 将远程分支合并到当前分支。 |
git push [alias] [branch] | Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch. | 推送本地分支到远程分支。 |
git pull | Fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch. | 拉取并合并远程最新提交。 |
05:跟踪路径变化(Tracking Path Changes)
Git 命令 | 英文说明 | 中文说明 |
---|---|---|
git rm [file] | Delete the file from project and stage the removal for commit. | 删除文件并暂存删除操作。 |
git mv [old-path] [new-path] | Change an existing file path and stage the move. | 移动或重命名文件并暂存。 |
git log --stat -M | Show all commit logs with indication of any paths that moved. | 显示提交日志并标出文件路径变化。 |
06:临时提交(Temporary Commits / Stash)
Git 命令 | 英文说明 | 中文说明 |
---|---|---|
git stash | Save modified and staged changes. | 保存已修改或暂存的更改。 |
git stash list | List stack-order of stashed file changes. | 显示暂存的更改列表。 |
git stash pop | Write working from top of stash stack. | 恢复最新一次保存的更改。 |
git stash drop | Discard the changes from top of stash stack. | 丢弃最新一次保存的更改。 |
07:重写历史(Rewrite History
Git 命令 | 英文说明 | 中文说明 |
---|---|---|
git rebase [branch] | Apply any commits of current branch ahead of specified one. | 将当前分支提交应用到指定分支之后。 |
git reset --hard [commit] | Clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit. | 清空暂存区并回退到指定提交。 |
08:检查与比较(Inspect & Compare)
Git 命令 | 英文说明 | 中文说明 |
---|---|---|
git log | Show the commit history for the currently active branch. | 显示当前分支提交历史。 |
git log branchB..branchA | Show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB. | 显示 branchA 中但不在 branchB 的提交。 |
git log --follow [file] | Show the commits that changed file, even across renames. | 显示文件的修改历史(包括改名)。 |
git diff branchB...branchA | Show the diff of what is in branchA that is not in branchB. | 显示 branchA 相对 branchB 的差异。 |
git show [SHA] | Show any object in Git in human-readable format. | 以可读格式显示对象详细信息。 |
09:忽略文件模式(Ignoring Patterns)
Git 命令 / 文件内容 | 英文说明 | 中文说明 |
---|---|---|
git config --global core.excludesfile [file] | System-wide ignore pattern for all local repositories. | 设置全局 .gitignore 文件。 |
.gitignore 内容示例: | Save a file with desired patterns as .gitignore with either direct string matches or wildcard globs. | 将匹配规则保存到 .gitignore 文件中,可使用直接匹配或通配符。 |
示例:logs/ *.notes pattern*/ | Example patterns to ignore. | 忽略日志目录、.notes 文件以及 pattern 开头的目录。 |